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Battle of Kletsk
The Battle of Kletsk ((ベラルーシ語:Бітва пад Клецкам), (リトアニア語:Klecko mūšis)) was a battle fought on 6 August 1506 near Kletsk (now in Belarus), between the army of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, led by Court Marshall of Lithuania Michael Glinski, and the army of the Crimean Khanate, led by Fetih I Giray and Burnaş I Giray, sons of the Khan of Crimea, Meñli I Giray. The battle was one of the first and greatest Lithuanian victories over the Tatars.〔
==Background==
The Lithuanians had allied themselves with Hacı I Giray, founder of the Crimean Khanate. However, in the 1480s his son Meñli I Giray, who came to power with the help of the Ottoman Empire,〔 allied himself with the Grand Duchy of Moscow, which had long been an enemy of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.〔 Lithuanians then allied with the Golden Horde and its remnant Great Horde which were enemies of the Crimean Khanate.〔 During the Muscovite–Lithuanian War of 1503, the Crimean Tatar armies pillaged the grand duchy's southern towns of Slutsk, Kletsk, and Nyasvizh and even threatened the capital city of Vilnius. Alexander Jagiellon, Grand Duke of Lithuania, then ordered the construction of a defensive wall around his capital; it was completed in 1522.〔 In August 1505, Meñli I Giray sent his eldest son to plunder the territories of Minsk, Polotsk, Vitebsk, Navahrudak. It was not only a raid for slaves and loot, but also for political pressure to execute imprisoned Sheikh Ahmed, the last Khan of the Great Horde.〔
About the same time, conflicts in the Lithuanian Council of Lords began to emerge between quickly-rising Michael Glinski and Jan Zabrzeziński.〔 In summer 1506, Grand Duke Alexander's health deteriorated and he decided to convene a Seimas in Lida so that he could transfer the Lithuanian throne to his brother Sigismund I. But the convention was disrupted on 25 July by news of a Tatar invasion.〔 According to scout reports, about 20,000 Tatars looted the neighborhood of Slutsk and approached Navahrudak and Lida.〔 The raid started at the end of May. At Loyew they crossed the Dnieper and around July 20–22 established their main camp at Kletsk – the town was devastated by them in 1503 and posed no serious threat.〔 Alexander left for Vilnius after putting Stanisław Kiszka, Great Hetman of Lithuania, and Glinski in charge of the defense.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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